2月 26, 2010

關於《夜巡林布蘭》

彼得葛林納威在廿一世紀前夕從影壇人間蒸發將近十載後,三年前推出新作《夜巡林布蘭》(Nightwatching, 2007),追蹤林布蘭創作經典畫作《夜巡》(De Nachtwacht/The Night Watch, 1642)的幕後故事。接近電影的尾聲,有一段長達四分鐘的獨白,是林布蘭的友人、執掌過阿姆斯特丹市劇院、也是畫中主人翁ㄓㄧ的Jacob Dircksen de Roy,對林布蘭講述他對這幅畫作的看法。葛林納威透過de Roy的嘴,以這段獨白表達他個人的獨到見解,是定調也好,說平反也罷,褒貶互見,剖析這幅使林布蘭在世聲名一落千丈的作品奧妙的機關設計還有它在美術史中的關鍵地位。

這段等於是獨白的分析,滿是文謅謅的美學評論,跟葛林納威藝術性十足的電影手法一搭一唱,完全不以取悅觀眾為樂。但這毫不親切的獨白,卻也是我近年來看過最精采的獨白ㄓㄧ。它不但巧妙地把繪畫和戲劇串在一起,也使我聯想到傅柯在《詞與物》(Les mots et les choses, 1966)中對於委拉斯蓋茲(Diego Velázquez)畫作〈宮女/宮娥〉(Las Meninas, 1656)令人目眩神馳的分析。傅柯以畫框內外的多重凝視,將〈Las Meninas〉拆解了畫布中層層交疊的權力運作點,我感覺葛林納威想要對《夜巡》進行的工程有異曲同工之處,只是箇中精妙一時之間不知怎麼說得具體。大體上葛林納威想說的是,林布蘭透過這幅畫中反叛繪畫與美學傳統,嘲諷當時荷蘭新政府的虛偽,也開啟繪畫中一個新的空間,一個劇場式的空間。而這幅畫就十七世紀的當代繪畫、特別是肖像畫戰爭繪畫來說可稱是徹底失敗之作,但是其強烈的政治諷刺意味使得它脫離戰爭畫作的範疇,更因林布蘭的獨特手法,讓作者自己在畫布上顯形,讓畫中人物變成演員,最後使得畫本身成為一個劇場。


以上是把整段獨白的梗概節譯出來,下面附上de Roy這一大段獨白的中段,鄉親們有興趣的可以參考。

Rembrandt, you have curiously attempted to be real. Now we know that that isn’t possible. You have made a frozen moment of theatre. You have stopped a costume play in action. They wanted the costume, we know that, but you encouraged them. And that was to be certain that we all knew that we were at the theatre. And at the theatre, all things are possible, even dying of love. If you think about it for one minute…the tradition of militia paintings that you so carefully broke was a true and honest tradition, where the participants can say, “Look, we are being painted. Look, we understand that we are being watched, and we are looking straight at you, into your eyes, at you, to prove it. We are not real, we are in a painting.” That is what they understood and that is what they wanted. You have spoilt all that for them, Rembrandt. You have tried to pretend that these are real people. They didn’t want that, didn’t want it at all. In your painting, they hustle and bustle about doing real things, loading muskets, giving commands, drum, run and bark, when all they wanted was to stand still and be looked at. “Here is me. Here I am in my splendid uniform, as an important member of this important club. I look at you and you look at me. I am watching you, and you are watching me.”

But you have pretended that the people in your painting are not being watched, which is the definition of an actor. An actor is a person who has been trained to pretend he is not being watched. So all the people in your paintings are all actors, not real people at all. Yet you have got them to do things which are real except, of course, because you knew what you were doing, of your little portrait of yourself, you knew you were being watched. And you look at us within the old tradition of these sorts of paintings with admirable self-consciousness. You’re giving yourself an old-fashioned position and responsibility in a new-fashioned painting, which tries to deny that position and responsibility. Your painting, Rembrandt, is a pretence, a fakery, a cheat, a dishonesty, full of impossible contradictions unworthy of a truly intelligent man. They, of course, knew that they were being painted, and you knew that they were being painted, but what do you acknowledge? Neither. Why pretend? Apart from all the other infelicities that demonstrate you did not fulfill the task asked of you, your painting, Rembrandt, is dishonest. So much so that this is not a painting at all. By its very nature, it denies being a painting. It is a work of the theatre!



PS: 〈Las Meninas〉在《夜巡》推出後近十五年也問世了,加上荷蘭當時的新政府乃是從西班牙王國統治下獨立出來的共和國,其中彼此交疊的歷史契機實在耐人尋味。

2月 20, 2010

一傅眾咻

我們六年級前段班的這個世代,讀中學時都會有啃成語辭典、背成語的經驗。沒辦法,聯考競爭太激烈了,成語要背的這麼多,哪能不買個一兩本成語辭典來拜?那種什麼「舊雨新知」和「喜新厭舊」詞性比較的已經是常識等級的必考題,難一點的就都不用講,背多分是也。

記得當時背過一個叫「一傅眾咻」的成語,可能是看了典故,覺得很有道理,就一直記了下來,變成轟ㄟ的常識。這句成語典出《孟子‧滕文公下》,用來比喻在充滿干擾的環境下學習難有成果。以下先附上記載在《孟子‧滕文公下》的這段原文:

孟子謂戴不勝曰:「子欲子之王之善與?我明告子:有楚大夫於此,欲其子之齊語也,則使齊人傅諸?使楚人傅諸?」

曰:「使齊人傅之。」

曰:「一齊人傅之,衆楚人咻之,雖日撻而求其齊也,不可得矣。引而置之莊嶽之間數年,雖日撻而求其楚,亦不可得矣。」

根據教育部成語典網站提供的白話文翻譯,這故事是這樣:戴不勝想要介紹個賢人給宋王,孟子告訴他,一個賢人在君側是沒有用的,必須要身邊其他的人也有好品德,才能發揮作用,使君王受到好的影響。孟子還打了個比方,問戴不勝:「有個楚國大夫,想讓他兒子學說齊國話,是要請齊國人教他?還是請楚國人教他?」戴不勝回答:「當然是齊國人。」孟子說:「一個齊國人教他,旁邊卻有許多楚國人用楚語喧擾他,雖然每天鞭策他學齊語,也是不能成功的。如果把他帶到齊國首都最繁華的地區住上幾年,雖然每天鞭策他學楚語,也是無法學好。」

以上就是關於這句成語的典故與涵義了。長年以來,轟ㄟ以為這是屬於常識等級的成語,之前回國跟家人偶然聊起,才發現全家竟然只有轟ㄟ知道這成語,更別說他們知不知道這成語的典故和意思。震驚之下,覺得杜前教育部長正勝公的名言得修一修,不但成語使人思考怠惰,不會成語也可能讓人無知啊!

最經典的依然是轟媽。當轟ㄟ問大家知不知道「一傅眾咻」的意思時,鄉親們知道轟媽說什麼嗎?

轟媽說:我在想「一傅眾ㄒㄧㄡ」的意思應該是一個師傅在上面教,眾學生一起修習,所以一傅眾「修」…

其實好像也有那麼點道理。

2月 15, 2010

遠航--給山上的孩子

遠航--給山上的孩子

作者: 魏振恩 (J.E.Wei)
刊載於【笠詩刊】273期2009.10.15 (Li Poetry)

沒有告別便出港了
飄游在一個異國
那兒月光穿越松濤
照著你掛在樹梢的小臉
擱淺的水手
蒼茫對我
預知缺席的久遠

你不是擅長遠航的孩子
來不及餞行
已是雨水滲出的一片海洋
如一曲亙古的旋律
蓋過三年甲班的風琴聲
蓋過跫音長廊
忘記窗
忘記你是漂流的操場
忘記炊煙
仿佛知道遠航必定孤獨
如青草赤裸著憶起
牛背上閃爍的暮靄

此刻 母親蹲在河邊
此刻 用紙幫你燒出晴天
此刻 水紋的圖騰烙印你的心痕
此刻 擦拭臉頰的山神呼喚小名

此刻 讓夏天幫你套上白衫
此刻 用最美麗的夜晚點亮原野山巔
在教堂外面
在耶穌的眼前
接住這朵雲彩
永永遠遠在水的那邊

天邊是你
奔跑如勇敢的童年

仿佛生命的第一天在樹梢唱著
仿佛生命的第一天在樹梢唱著

2月 12, 2010

我認識ㄧㄣˇㄉㄧˋ的兒子第二彈

轟ㄟ以為這件陳年笑談不時講出來大家開心一下,大概也就是這樣。沒想到老狗有新把戲,這件事竟然能有續集。

話說多年以後,有天在台北,轟ㄟ母子在餐桌上又聊起這件事,也聊到最近轟ㄟ和柯公子一起打球有的沒的。然後... ...

轟ㄟ:那個B竟然會把「隱地」想成「影帝」,我也真是服了他。
轟媽:喔,所以隱地的兒子姓柯。
轟ㄟ:對啊。
轟媽:那他叫ㄧㄣˇ什麼?
轟ㄟ:ㄧㄣˇ...水...機...

哇哩咧ㄧㄣˇ什麼咧,就已經說是姓柯了,大家是已經開始語無倫次還是怎樣?